Cologne Kalkerfeld Settlement, Entrance

Front / Recto

• Title Cologne Kalkerfeld Settlement, Entrance (Siedlung Köln-Kalkerfeld, Hauseingang)
• Negative Date 1928
• Print Date 1928–39
• Medium Gelatin silver print
• Dimensions Image 15 3/16 x 8 13/16" (38.5 x 22.4 cm)
  Sheet 16 × 9 3/4" (40.7 × 24.7 cm)
  
• Place Taken Cologne
• Credit Line Thomas Walther Collection. Gift of Thomas Walther
• MoMA Accession Number 1779.2001
• Copyright © 2015 / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Germany

Back / Verso

• Mount Type No mount
• Marks and Inscriptions Signed in pencil on sheet verso, bottom right: W. Mantz/1928. Inscribed in pencil on sheet verso, bottom left: Li 18. Inscribed in pencil on sheet verso: 6 [circled].
• Provenance The artist, Maastricht/Eijsden, the Netherlands; to Galerie Rudolf Kicken [1]; sold through Christie's South Kensington, London (Sale PHT-8373, Lot 49), to Thomas Walther, May 7, 1999 [2]; to The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2001.
  [1] Rudolf Kicken, conversation in his gallery with Simon Bieling, Berlin, February 17, 2004, and email to Simon Bieling, April 20, 2005.
  [2] MacGill/Walther 2001(4), p. 9.

Surface

• Retouch Detail
  

  Detail showing aqueous retouching, applied with a brush, and etching. The area of detail is 14 x 22 mm. Department of Conservation, MoMA
• Surface Sheen Semireflective
• Techniques Retouching (additive)
  Enlargement
  Retouching (reductive)
  
• PTM
  

  View of the recto of the artwork made using reflectance transformation imaging (RTI) software, which exaggerates subtle surface details and renders the features of the artwork plainly visible. Department of Conservation, MoMA
• Micro-raking
  

  Raking-light close-up image, as shot. Area of detail is 6.7 x 6.7 mm. Department of Conservation, MoMA

  

  Raking-light close-up image, processed. Processing included removal of color, equalization of the histogram, and sharpening, all designed to enhance visual comparison. Department of Conservation, MoMA

Paper Material

• Format Unknown
• Weight Double weight
• Thickness (mm) 0.30
• UV Fluorescence Recto negative
  Verso negative
• Fiber Analysis Softwood bleached sulfite 97%
  Rag 4%
  
• Material Techniques Developing-out paper
  
• XRF

  This work was determined to be a gelatin silver print via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.

  The following elements have been positively identified in the work, through XRF readings taken from its recto and verso (or from the mount, where the verso was not accessible):

  • Recto: P, S, Ca, Zn, Sr, Ag, Ba, Pb
  • Verso: Al, Si, S, Ca, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb

  The graphs below show XRF spectra for three areas on the print: two of the recto—from areas of maximum and minimum image density (Dmax and Dmin)—and one of the verso or mount. The background spectrum represents the contribution of the XRF instrument itself. The first graph shows elements identified through the presence of their characteristic peaks in the lower energy range (0 to 8 keV). The second graph shows elements identified through the presence of their characteristic peaks in the higher energy range (8 to 40 keV).

  

  Areas examined: Recto (Dmax: black; Dmin: green), Verso or Mount (blue), Background (red)
  Elements identified: Al, Si, P, S, Ca, Ag, Ba

  

  Areas examined: Recto (Dmax: black; Dmin: green), Verso or Mount (blue), Background (red)
  Elements identified: Zn, Sr, Ag, Pb

In Context

Related People

• Artist

  • Werner Mantz