Richard Hamilton

Richard Hamilton became the seminal figure in the formation of England's Pop idiom through his analytical investigations of the media's influence on our perception of reality. As an active member of London's progressive Independent Group in the early 1950s, he first studied the impact of popular culture on art and created collages incorporating advertisements from mass-circulation newspapers and magazines, a technique that served as the basis for Interior. Through a complex layering of painting and photographic techniques, he continues to examine issues of illusion and the processes of image-making. Always eager to embrace new technologies, Hamilton has experimented with computer-generated imagery since the 1980s.
Hamilton typically scrutinizes a motif through a variety of mediums, reiterating and reinterpreting from collage to painting to print, frequently combining techniques. An experimental and prolific printmaker, he has explored nearly every process except relief—from screenprint and collotype to intaglio and digital formats—since first trying etching in 1939. Although he remains preoccupied with photography and issues of reproduction, his more than two hundred prints range from mechanical manipulations of photographic images to intricate hand-drawn compositions, and he has collaborated with master printers around the world to achieve these wide-ranging effects.
Hamilton was integral in revolutionizing the screenprint medium as a tool for artistic invention in the 1960s. For My Marilyn he appropriated publicity stills of Marilyn Monroe published in a British magazine after her suicide. Respecting Monroe's own hand-drawn Xs, Hamilton vowed not to make any marks of his own, choosing instead to create painterly effects by enlarging, masking, screening, and overprinting. At the other extreme in his work is the series of elaborate intaglios illustrating James Joyce's Ulysses, based on sketches from the 1940s. The transmogrifications of Bloom parallels the novel's surrealistic chapter in which Bloom metamorphoses through genders and guises during a midnight brothel encounter.